Passage Four
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular” coffee, and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity, and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while, people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline（衰退）when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline).
The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?
Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections.
Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.
26. According to the passage, when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product, its sales will _________________.
A) decrease gradually
B) remain at the same level
C) become unstable
D) improve enormously
27. The first paragraph tells us that a new product is __________________.
A) not easily accepted by the public
B) often inferior to old ones at first
C) often more expensive than old ones
D) usually introduced to satisfy different tastes
28. Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to ____________.
A) promote its production
B) work out marketing policies
C) speed up its life cycle
D) increase its popularity
29. The author mentions the example of “backpacks” (Line 4, Para.2) to show the importance of _______________.
A) pleasing the young as well as the old
B) increasing usage among students
C) exploring new market sections
D) serving both military and civil needs
30. In order to recover their share of the world market, U.S. auto makers are ____________.
A) improving product quality
B) increasing product features
C) modernizing product style
D) re-positioning their product in the market
Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
31 By the time he arrives in Beijing, we __________ here for tow days.
A) have been staying B) have stayed
C) shall stay D) will have stayed
32 According to the American federal government, residents of Hawaii have the longest life __________: 77.2 years.
A) scope B) rank
C) span D) scale
33 The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, __________ all practical value by the time they were finished.
A) had lost B) would lose
C) would have lost D) should have lost
34 As a public relations officer, he is said __________ some very influential people.
A) to have been knowing B) to be knowing
C) to have known D) to know
35 Our hopes __________ and fell in the same instant.
A) aroused B) arose
C) raised D) rose
36 With the development in science and technology man can make various flowers __________ before their time.
A) be bloomed B) blooming
C) bloom D) bloomed
37 A season ticket __________ the holder to make as many journeys as he wishes within the stated period of time.
A) grants B) promises
C) entitles D) presents
38 __________ in the office had made a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience.
A) Some B) Anyone
C) One D) Someone
39 In recent years much more emphasis has been put __________ developing the sutdents’ productive skills.
